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Richardson Olmsted Complex
The Richardson Olmsted Complex is a former insane asylum in Buffalo, New York, United States. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986.〔〔 and 〕 The Olmstead Complex has undergone renovation and remodeling to function as a hotel and conference center for the city.
==Architecture==
The large Medina red sandstone and brick hospital buildings were designed in 1870 in the Kirkbride Plan by architect Henry Hobson Richardson with grounds by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.〔Carla Yanni, The Architecture of Madness: Insane Asylums in the United States (University of Minnesota Press, 2007) 127-139.〕 The complex consists of a central administrative tower and five pavilions or wards progressively set back on each side, for eleven buildings total, all connected by short curved two-story corridors. Patients were segregated by sex, males on the east side, females on the west. The wards housed mental patients until the mid-1970s. The central administration building was used for offices until 1994. In 1973, the Asylum was added to the National Register of Historic Places and in 1986, it was designated a National Historic Landmark.
The complex, the largest commission of Richardson's career, marks the advent of his characteristic Romanesque Revival style. When emulated by later architects, this style is referred to as Richardsonian Romanesque. It has been the subject of a long-term preservation campaign. Nevertheless, three pavilions on the east side were demolished in the 1970s to make way for newer psychiatric facilities. The grounds north of the building have been occupied by Buffalo State College since the 1960s.〔(Archives: Architecture: A towering masterpiece: H.H. Richardson's Buffalo State Hospital ), ''Buffalo Spree'', Buffalo, NY, March/April 2000, Kowsky, F.R., Retrieved 15 December 2013.〕 Some extant buildings had been allowed to deteriorate.
Patient records from 1881 to 1975 are in the collection of the New York State Archives in Albany, NY.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=New York State Office of Mental Health )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=New York State Office of Mental Health )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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